The acute oral toxicity, repellency, and hazard potential of 998 chemicals to one or more species of wild and domestic birds.

The acute oral toxicity, repellency, and hazard potential of 998 chemicals to one or more of 68 species of wild and domestic birds was determined by standardized testing procedures. Redwinged blackbirds were the most sensitive of the . bird species tested on a large number of chemicals, and an index based on redwing toxicity and repellency may provide an appropriate indication of the probability of acute avian poisoning episodes. Avian repellency and toxicity were not positively correlated (i.e. toxicity varied independently with repellency). In a program designed to evaluate chemicals as potential avian toxicants, stupefacients, or repellents, personnel of the Wildlife Research Center at Denver, Colorado have tested (since 1960) over 2000 chemicals for acute oral toxicity to one or more species of wild and domestic birds. The purpose of this paper is to summarize the data on 998 ·known chemicals, draw appropriate generalizations from the data, and make recommendations on how these data might be used to predict acute avian poisoning potential.